Rat Terrier

Temperament & Personality

The Rat Terrier (often called a "Rattie") is a lively and intelligent small terrier. As a true terrier, they’re energetic, bold, and quick-witted. Rat Terriers can be affectionate and playful with family—they often want to be right by your side—but they also have a feisty streak. They’re typically friendly with people and other dogs if well-socialized, but may be a little bossy or stubborn due to their terrier heritage. Early socialization is important: raised properly, Ratties generally get along fine with children (best with older kids than toddlers) and can coexist with other pets if introduced carefully. On the downside, their strong prey drive means they will eagerly chase small critters, so caution is needed around cats or pets like hamsters. Rat Terriers are alert and protective (they make surprisingly good little watchdogs) but are not aggressive by nature.

Care, Living Environment & Grooming

Rat Terriers adapt well to many home environments. They can live happily in an apartment or house as long as they get sufficient exercise. Plan for at least 30–60 minutes of active play or walks each day (some sources suggest 40+ minutes) to burn off their energy. A securely fenced yard is ideal, but remember Ratties are excellent diggers and jumpers, so yard supervision is recommended. They are athletic and enjoy games like fetch or agility. Provide mental stimulation (puzzle toys, training games) to prevent boredom, which can lead to digging or barking.

The Rat Terrier’s short, smooth coat is easy-care. They shed lightly year-round, with a bit more in spring and fall. Key grooming tasks include:

• Brushing: A quick brushing once or twice a week removes loose hair and keeps the coat healthy.
• Bathing: Bathe only as needed (their coat doesn’t trap dirt).
• Nails: Trim or file nails weekly to prevent overgrowth.
• Teeth: Brush teeth daily or several times a week. Rat Terriers are prone to dental tartar, so regular dental care (including annual professional cleaning) is advised.

Unlike heavy-coated breeds, Ratties do not require professional grooming and only need minor upkeep. Check their ears and skin periodically because they can be sensitive and may develop allergies. Their skin can be itchy if allergic reactions occur, so watch for excessive scratching or hot spots.

Feeding should be controlled: Rat Terriers tend to eat heartily and can become overweight. Divide food into two measured meals per day and keep treats moderate. High-quality dog food formulated for small active breeds is recommended; some vets suggest a novel protein (like fish) to help prevent allergies.

Training & Socialization

Rat Terriers are intelligent but can be determined, so start training early with consistency and patience. They do best with positive reinforcement methods: short, fun sessions with treats and praise yield the best results. Avoid punishment-based techniques, as these sensitive dogs may shut down or become anxious. Crate training from a young age provides a safe space for your Rattie when you are away, and helps establish routines.

Socialization is equally crucial. Introduce your puppy to a variety of people, places, sounds, and other animals as early as possible. Early exposure helps curb any terrier-type wariness of strangers or unfamiliar dogs. Remember their prey drive: take care to train recall and boundaries, especially around small animals. A well-socialized Rat Terrier usually grows into a confident, well-mannered companion that is affectionate yet alert to its surroundings.

Health Considerations

Rat Terriers are generally healthy dogs with a long lifespan (about 12–18 years). Still, responsible owners should be aware of a few hereditary issues:

• Patellar Luxation: Common in small dogs, this “loose kneecap” can cause occasional limping or hopping. Mild cases often require only monitoring or supplements; severe cases may need surgery.
• Hip Dysplasia: Some Ratties develop hip joint malformations. This can lead to pain and mobility issues. Maintaining a lean weight and providing joint support (glucosamine) can help.
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: A rare genetic condition causing degeneration of the hip joint’s femoral head. Puppies may limp on one leg; treatment is usually surgical and very effective.
• Primary Lens Luxation: A genetic eye condition where the lens shifts, often leading to secondary glaucoma and blindness. DNA tests exist; any sudden eye changes warrant immediate vet attention.
• Cardiac Disease: Some Ratties develop heart conditions (often mitral valve disease) as they age. Signs include fainting, fatigue, or coughing. Regular vet check-ups can catch heart murmurs early.

Because of these risks, the Rat Terrier Club encourages health screening. Ideal tests include hip evaluations, patella check, and eye exams with a veterinary ophthalmologist. Even though no test is mandated, these screenings (and DNA tests for lens luxation) help breeders reduce disease in the breed. Routine vet wellness care and keeping your Rat Terrier at a healthy weight will also contribute to longevity.

Cost of Ownership

First-year costs for a Rat Terrier (puppy price, spay/neuter, initial supplies) can be higher – often a few thousand dollars. After that, average annual expenses drop to around $1,000–$1,200 per year. A rough breakdown might be:

• Food: ~$150/year (small dogs eat less; premium kibble can cost $10–$15/month).
• Vet care: ~$400/year for annual exams, vaccines, preventives, and occasional medications.
• Pet insurance: ~$300/year can be a good investment, given potential for hereditary issues (prices vary by plan).
• Grooming: ~$100/year (mostly just occasional nail trims and basic coat care).
• Other (toys, training, supplies): ~$250/year.

These are averages. Your actual costs will depend on your location and choices of food/care. Because Rat Terriers are generally healthy, their routine care costs tend to be on the low-to-moderate end for small breeds.

Pros and Cons

Pros

• Energetic and fun-loving – great playmate for active owners.
• Very intelligent and trainable with positive methods.
• Generally healthy and long-lived (over 15 years).
• Adaptable – can live in small or large homes as long as exercised.

Cons

• High energy – needs daily exercise or may become bored and dig/bark.
• Stubborn/strong-willed – can challenge inexperienced trainers.
• Strong prey drive – will chase small animals if not supervised.
• Can suffer from separation anxiety if left alone too much.

Fun Facts

1. Farm Superhero: The Rat Terrier’s ancestors were prized farm dogs (often called “feists”). One famous Rattie set a record by killing over 2,500 rats in a single day!
2. Modern Recognition: Despite the breed’s 19th-century origins, the Rat Terrier was only officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 2010.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do Rat Terriers shed a lot?

No – they have a short, smooth coat that sheds only moderately. Occasional shedding happens, especially during seasonal coat changes, but a weekly brush will remove most loose hair. Overall, Ratties are considered low-maintenance in terms of shedding.

Are Rat Terriers good apartment dogs?

Yes, if exercised well. Rat Terriers can adapt to apartment living as long as they get daily walks and playtime. They enjoy cuddling indoors with their people, but need an outlet for energy (like a morning run or interactive play) to prevent boredom.

How much exercise does a Rat Terrier need?

At least 40 minutes or more per day. These dogs were bred to work all day on the farm, so they have high stamina. A combination of walks, runs, or dog sports will keep a Rat Terrier happy. Insufficient exercise can lead to digging, escaping, or nuisance barking.

Can first-time owners handle a Rat Terrier?

Potentially, but be prepared for an active, smart dog. Rat Terriers are friendly and affectionate, but their energy and independence can challenge newbies. As PetMD notes, they can be “a challenge for those who aren’t patient”. With consistent positive training and plenty of exercise, a first-time owner can manage a Rat Terrier, but they should be ready for daily activity and leadership.

References

1. Orvis - Rat Terrier
2. PetMD - Rat Terrier
3. PetBudget - Rat Terrier Cost